Packet Tracer Network

Table of Contents

1. Project Overview
2. Learning Objectives
3. What is Cisco Packet Tracer?
4. Getting Started with Packet Tracer
5. Project Scenario
6. Network Topology Design
7. Router Configuration
8. Switch Configuration
9. VLAN Implementation
10. Inter-VLAN Routing
11. DHCP Configuration
12. Static & Dynamic Routing
13. Access Control Lists (ACLs)
14. Network Services (DNS, HTTP, Email)
15. Security Configuration
16. Testing & Verification
17. Troubleshooting Common Issues
18. Sample Complete Configuration
19. Project Extensions
20. Deliverables Checklist

Project Overview

In this project, you will design and configure a complete network using Cisco Packet Tracer. You'll build a multi-department network with VLANs, inter-VLAN routing, DHCP, ACLs, and network services. This project simulates a real-world network implementation in a safe, virtual environment.

Scenario

Design and implement a network for EduTech Academy, a small school with the following departments:

• Administration (Admin VLAN) — 20 devices
• Faculty (Faculty VLAN) — 30 devices
• Student Lab (Student VLAN) — 40 devices
• IT/Server Room (Server VLAN) — 5 servers

The network must support internet connectivity through an ISP simulation, internal services (DHCP, DNS, HTTP), and proper security controls between departments.

💡 100% Free Lab: This project is designed to be completely free:

• Cisco Packet Tracer — Free download (free Cisco NetAcad account required)
• No physical hardware needed — everything runs virtually
• Works on Windows, macOS, and Linux
• All configurations included — just copy and paste!
• Minimum: 4GB RAM, 2GB free disk space

📋 Your Step-by-Step Task:

1. Download and install Cisco Packet Tracer (free — netacad.com)
2. Build the network topology: 2 routers, 5 switches, 6 PCs, 1 server
3. Cable all devices according to the connection table
4. Configure R1 (Core Router): interfaces, sub-interfaces, DHCP, ACLs
5. Configure SW-Dist (Distribution Switch): VLANs, trunks, routing
6. Configure access switches: VLANs, port security, SSH
7. Configure the ISP router and static routes
8. Set up server services: DNS, HTTP, Email
9. Test connectivity: pings, ACL verification, DNS resolution
10. Save your .pkt file, complete checklist, and take the quiz

Learning Objectives

After completing this project, you will be able to:

• Design and build network topologies in Packet Tracer
• Configure routers (static routes, inter-VLAN routing)
• Configure switches (VLANs, trunking, port security)
• Implement DHCP services (router-based and server-based)
• Configure access control lists (ACLs) for security
• Set up basic network services (DNS, HTTP, Email)
• Test and verify network connectivity
• Troubleshoot common network issues

What is Cisco Packet Tracer?

Overview

Cisco Packet Tracer is a network simulation tool that allows you to design, configure, and troubleshoot networks without physical hardware. It's widely used for CCNA certification training and networking education.

Capabilities

System Requirements

  Minimum:
  - 4GB RAM
  - 2GB free disk space
  - 1280x1024 display resolution
  - Windows, macOS, or Linux

  Download from: https://www.netacad.com (free Cisco account required)
  Version: 8.2+ (latest recommended)

Getting Started with Packet Tracer

Interface Overview

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Menu Bar  │ File │ Edit │ Options │ Extensions │ Help    │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                         │
│ Toolbar:  Select  Move  Place Note  Delete  Inspect     │
│           Copy/Paste  Zoom  Palette  Draw                │
├──────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                         │
│   Device Types:      │       WORKSPACE                   │
│   ┌────────────────┐ │                                  │
│   │  Network Devices│ │       [Router]───[Switch]        │
│   │  End Devices   │ │           │          │            │
│   │  Connections   │ │       [Switch]───[PC]            │
│   │  IoT           │ │           │                       │
│   │  Security      │ │       [Server]                    │
│   │  WAN Emulation │ │                                  │
│   └────────────────┘ │                                  │
├──────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┤
│ Status Bar: Point/Click  |  Simulation/Realtime         │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Key Shortcuts

Adding Devices

To add devices:
  1. Click device type (bottom-left)
  2. Click specific device from list
  3. Click workspace to place it
  4. Use connection tool to cable devices

Device Types:
  ┌──────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┐
  │ Category     │ Examples                             │
  ├──────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┤
  │ Routers      │ 1941, 2811, 2911, 4321               │
  │ Switches     │ 2960, 3560, 3650, 3850               │
  │ Hubs         │ Hub-PT, Hub-PT-100                   │
  │ End Devices  │ PC, Laptop, Server, Printer          │
  │ Connections  │ Copper, Fiber, Serial, Console       │
  │ Wireless     │ WAP, Wireless Router                 │
  │ WAN          │ Cable Modem, DSL Modem, Cloud        │
  └──────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┘

Project Scenario

EduTech Academy Network Requirements

NETWORK REQUIREMENTS:

Topology:
  - 1 Core Router (connects to ISP and internal network)
  - 1 Layer 3 Switch (Distribution layer, inter-VLAN routing)
  - 3 Access Switches (one per department)
  - 1 Server Switch
  - 4 VLANs (Admin, Faculty, Students, Servers)
  - 1 Router for ISP simulation
  - 1 Server for network services

VLANs:
  ┌──────────────┬────────┬──────────┬──────────────┐
  │ Department   │ VLAN   │ Subnet   │ Gateway      │
  ├──────────────┼────────┼──────────┼──────────────┤
  │ Admin        │ 10     │ 10.0.10.0/24 │ 10.0.10.1    │
  │ Faculty      │ 20     │ 10.0.20.0/24 │ 10.0.20.1    │
  │ Students     │ 30     │ 10.0.30.0/24 │ 10.0.30.1    │
  │ Servers      │ 40     │ 10.0.40.0/24 │ 10.0.40.1    │
  │ Management   │ 99     │ 10.0.99.0/24 │ 10.0.99.1    │
  └──────────────┴────────┴──────────┴──────────────┘

Services:
  - DHCP: Router or Server (assign addresses to each VLAN)
  - DNS: Server (edutech.local domain)
  - HTTP: Server (internal website)
  - Email: Server (SMTP/POP3 for internal mail)

Security:
  - Students cannot access Admin or Faculty VLANs
  - All VLANs can access Servers (limited)
  - SSH enabled on routers and switches
  - Port security on access ports

Network Diagram

                    [ISP Cloud / Internet]
                           │
                      [ISP Router]
                     192.168.1.0/30
                           │
                    [Core Router (R1)]
                    G0/0: 192.168.1.2/30
                    G0/1: 10.0.99.1/24 (Management)
                           │
                    [L3 Switch (SW-Dist)]
                    VLAN 99: 10.0.99.2/24
                           │
          ┌───────────────┼───────────────┐
          │               │               │
    [SW-Admin]      [SW-Faculty]    [SW-Labs]
    VLAN 10         VLAN 20         VLAN 30
          │               │               │
    [Admin PCs]    [Faculty PCs]    [Student PCs]
          │
     [SW-Servers]
     VLAN 40
          │
     [Server: DNS, HTTP, Email]

Network Topology Design

Building the Topology in Packet Tracer

Step-by-Step:

1. Open Packet Tracer → New Project → "EduTech Academy"

2. Place Devices:
   - 1x Router 2911 (Core Router — R1)
   - 1x Router 2911 (ISP Router — ISP)
   - 1x Switch 3560-24PS (Distribution — SW-Dist)
   - 4x Switch 2960-24TT (Access — SW-Admin, SW-Faculty, SW-Lab, SW-Servers)
   - 2x PC (Admin, Faculty, Students — 6 total)
   - 1x Server (Server-PT)
   - 1x Cloud-PT (ISP Cloud)

3. Cable Connections:
   - ISP → Cloud: Copper Straight-Through
   - ISP → R1: Serial DCE/DTE (or Copper Cross-over)
   - R1 → SW-Dist: Copper Straight-Through (G0/1 to G0/1)
   - SW-Dist → SW-Admin: Copper Straight-Through (G0/1 to G0/1)
   - SW-Dist → SW-Faculty: Copper Straight-Through (G0/1 to G0/1)
   - SW-Dist → SW-Lab: Copper Straight-Through (G0/1 to G0/1)
   - SW-Dist → SW-Servers: Copper Straight-Through (G0/1 to G0/1)
   - SW-Admin → PCs: Copper Straight-Through (FastEthernet)
   - SW-Faculty → PCs: Copper Straight-Through
   - SW-Lab → PCs: Copper Straight-Through
   - SW-Servers → Server: Copper Straight-Through (FastEthernet)

4. Power on all devices (they're on by default)

Naming Convention

Device naming:
  R1          — Core Router
  ISP         — ISP Router
  SW-Dist     — Distribution Switch (L3)
  SW-Admin    — Admin Access Switch
  SW-Faculty  — Faculty Access Switch
  SW-Lab      — Student Lab Access Switch
  SW-Servers  — Server Access Switch
  Server1     — Main Server
  PC-Admin-1  — Admin workstation
  PC-Faculty-1 — Faculty workstation
  PC-Student-1 — Student workstation

Router Configuration

Core Router (R1) Basic Setup

! Enter global configuration mode
enable
configure terminal

! Set hostname
hostname R1

! Create local users for SSH
username admin privilege 15 secret Password123
username netadmin privilege 15 secret SecurePass456

! Configure domain name (required for SSH)
ip domain-name edutech.local

! Generate RSA keys (1024 bits minimum)
crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024

! Configure SSH
ip ssh version 2
line vty 0 4
 login local
 transport input ssh
 exit

! Configure console security
line console 0
 password ConsPassword
 login
 logging synchronous
 exit

! Enable secret password
enable secret EnableSecret789

! Save configuration
copy running-config startup-config

Interface Configuration

! Configure G0/0 (WAN to ISP)
interface gigabitethernet0/0
 description Connection to ISP
 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252
 no shutdown
 exit

! Configure G0/1 (to Distribution Switch)
interface gigabitethernet0/1
 description Trunk to Distribution Switch
 no ip address
 no shutdown
 exit

! Configure sub-interfaces for inter-VLAN routing (Router-on-a-stick)
interface gigabitethernet0/1.10
 description Admin VLAN
 encapsulation dot1q 10
 ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1.20
 description Faculty VLAN
 encapsulation dot1q 20
 ip address 10.0.20.1 255.255.255.0
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1.30
 description Student VLAN
 encapsulation dot1q 30
 ip address 10.0.30.1 255.255.255.0
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1.40
 description Server VLAN
 encapsulation dot1q 40
 ip address 10.0.40.1 255.255.255.0
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1.99
 description Management VLAN
 encapsulation dot1q 99
 ip address 10.0.99.1 255.255.255.0
 exit

Static Route to Internet

! Default route towards ISP
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1

! Verify routing table
do show ip route

ISP Router Configuration

enable
configure terminal
hostname ISP

! Configure interfaces
interface gigabitethernet0/0
 description Connection to Cloud
 ip address 209.165.200.1 255.255.255.252
 no shutdown
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1
 description Connection to R1
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
 no shutdown
 exit

! Create loopback for internet simulation
interface loopback 0
 ip address 8.8.8.1 255.255.255.0
 description Simulated Internet
 exit

! Route back to internal network
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2

! Save
copy running-config startup-config

Switch Configuration

Distribution Switch (SW-Dist) — Layer 3

! Basic setup
enable
configure terminal
hostname SW-Dist

! Security
username admin privilege 15 secret Password123
ip domain-name edutech.local
crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024
ip ssh version 2
line vty 0 15
 login local
 transport input ssh
 exit
enable secret EnableSecret789

! Create VLANs
vlan 10
 name Admin
vlan 20
 name Faculty
vlan 30
 name Students
vlan 40
 name Servers
vlan 99
 name Management
exit

! Configure trunk to Core Router
interface gigabitethernet0/1
 description Trunk to R1
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20,30,40,99
 no shutdown
 exit

! Configure trunks to Access Switches
interface gigabitethernet0/2
 description Trunk to SW-Admin
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,99
 no shutdown
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/3
 description Trunk to SW-Faculty
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 20,99
 no shutdown
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/4
 description Trunk to SW-Lab
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 30,99
 no shutdown
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/5
 description Trunk to SW-Servers
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 40,99
 no shutdown
 exit

! Management Interface
interface vlan 99
 ip address 10.0.99.2 255.255.255.0
 no shutdown
 exit

! IP Routing (if doing inter-VLAN on switch instead of router-on-a-stick)
ip routing

! Default route to Core Router
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.99.1

! Save
copy running-config startup-config

Access Switch Configuration (SW-Admin)

enable
configure terminal
hostname SW-Admin

! VLAN configuration
vlan 10
 name Admin
vlan 99
 name Management
exit

! Trunk to Distribution
interface gigabitethernet0/1
 description Uplink to SW-Dist
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,99
 no shutdown
 exit

! Access ports for Admin PCs
interface range fastethernet0/1-24
 description Admin Workstations
 switchport mode access
 switchport access vlan 10
 switchport port-security
 switchport port-security maximum 2
 switchport port-security violation shutdown
 switchport port-security mac-address sticky
 spanning-tree portfast
 no shutdown
 exit

! Management
interface vlan 99
 ip address 10.0.99.10 255.255.255.0
 no shutdown
 exit

ip default-gateway 10.0.99.1

! SSH
username admin privilege 15 secret Password123
ip domain-name edutech.local
crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024
ip ssh version 2
line vty 0 15
 login local
 transport input ssh
 exit

copy running-config startup-config

Access Switch Configuration (SW-Faculty)

! Similar to SW-Admin but with VLAN 20
enable
configure terminal
hostname SW-Faculty

vlan 20
 name Faculty
vlan 99
 name Management
exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1
 description Uplink to SW-Dist
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 20,99
 no shutdown
 exit

interface range fastethernet0/1-24
 description Faculty Workstations
 switchport mode access
 switchport access vlan 20
 switchport port-security
 switchport port-security maximum 2
 switchport port-security violation shutdown
 switchport port-security mac-address sticky
 spanning-tree portfast
 no shutdown
 exit

interface vlan 99
 ip address 10.0.99.20 255.255.255.0
 no shutdown
 exit

ip default-gateway 10.0.99.1

! SSH config (same as SW-Admin)
copy running-config startup-config

Access Switch Configuration (SW-Lab)

! Students VLAN (30) — most restrictive
enable
configure terminal
hostname SW-Lab

vlan 30
 name Students
vlan 99
 name Management
exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1
 description Uplink to SW-Dist
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 30,99
 no shutdown
 exit

interface range fastethernet0/1-24
 description Student PCs
 switchport mode access
 switchport access vlan 30
 switchport port-security
 switchport port-security maximum 1  ! Only 1 device per port for students
 switchport port-security violation shutdown
 switchport port-security mac-address sticky
 spanning-tree portfast
 no shutdown
 exit

interface vlan 99
 ip address 10.0.99.30 255.255.255.0
 no shutdown
 exit

ip default-gateway 10.0.99.1

! SSH config
copy running-config startup-config

Server Switch (SW-Servers)

! Similar to access switches but for servers
enable
configure terminal
hostname SW-Servers

vlan 40
 name Servers
vlan 99
 name Management
exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1
 description Uplink to SW-Dist
 switchport mode trunk
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 40,99
 no shutdown
 exit

interface fastethernet0/1
 description Server1 Connection
 switchport mode access
 switchport access vlan 40
 no shutdown
 exit

interface vlan 99
 ip address 10.0.99.40 255.255.255.0
 no shutdown
 exit

ip default-gateway 10.0.99.1

copy running-config startup-config

VLAN Implementation

VLAN Configuration Summary

Verifying VLANs

# On any switch, verify VLAN configuration
show vlan brief
show interfaces trunk
show interfaces status

# Expected output example:
VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, ...
10   Admin                            active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, ...
20   Faculty                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, ...
30   Students                         active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, ...
40   Servers                          active    Fa0/1
99   Management                       active    Gi0/1
1002 fddi-default                     active
1003 token-ring-default               active
1004 fddinet-default                  active
1005 trnet-default                    active

Inter-VLAN Routing

Router-on-a-Stick (Using R1)

! R1 already has sub-interfaces configured:
! G0/1.10 — VLAN 10 (10.0.10.1/24)
! G0/1.20 — VLAN 20 (10.0.20.1/24)
! G0/1.30 — VLAN 30 (10.0.30.1/24)
! G0/1.40 — VLAN 40 (10.0.40.1/24)
! G0/1.99 — VLAN 99 (10.0.99.1/24)

! Verify routing
show ip route
show ip interface brief

Alternative: Layer 3 Switch (SVIs)

! Uncomment ip routing on SW-Dist and add SVIs if not using router-on-a-stick
! interface vlan 10
!  ip address 10.0.10.254 255.255.255.0
!  no shutdown
!
! interface vlan 20
!  ip address 10.0.20.254 255.255.255.0
!  no shutdown
!
! etc.

! Then on R1, just have one interface to SW-Dist with IP 10.0.99.1
! SW-Dist becomes the gateway for all VLANs

DHCP Configuration

Router-based DHCP (R1)

! Configure DHCP pools for each VLAN
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.10.1 10.0.10.10
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.20.1 10.0.20.10
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.30.1 10.0.30.10
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.40.1 10.0.40.10

ip dhcp pool ADMIN_POOL
 network 10.0.10.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 10.0.10.1
 dns-server 10.0.40.10
 domain-name edutech.local
 lease 7

ip dhcp pool FACULTY_POOL
 network 10.0.20.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 10.0.20.1
 dns-server 10.0.40.10
 domain-name edutech.local
 lease 7

ip dhcp pool STUDENT_POOL
 network 10.0.30.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 10.0.30.1
 dns-server 10.0.40.10
 domain-name edutech.local
 lease 1

ip dhcp pool SERVER_POOL
 network 10.0.40.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 10.0.40.1
 dns-server 10.0.40.10
 domain-name edutech.local
 lease 30

! Enable DHCP on interfaces (ip helper-address if using L3 switch SVIs)
! For router-on-a-stick, sub-interfaces automatically forward DHCP broadcasts

DHCP Verification

! On R1
show ip dhcp binding
show ip dhcp pool

! On a PC
! Go to Desktop → IP Configuration → DHCP
! Verify it gets: IP, Subnet, Gateway, DNS

Static & Dynamic Routing

Static Routes

! R1 — default route to ISP (already configured)
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1

! ISP — route back to internal network (already configured)
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2

! SW-Dist — default route to R1 (already configured)
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.99.1

Optional: OSPF Dynamic Routing

! On R1:
router ospf 1
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 network 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
 default-information originate
 exit

! On SW-Dist (if L3 routing):
router ospf 1
 router-id 2.2.2.2
 network 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
 exit

! Verify OSPF neighbors
show ip ospf neighbor
show ip route ospf

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

Security Requirements

ACL OBJECTIVES:
  1. Students cannot access Admin (VLAN 10) or Faculty (VLAN 20)
  2. All users can access Servers (VLAN 40) — HTTP, DNS, Email only
  3. Admin can access everything
  4. Faculty can access Servers and Internet
  5. Internet access for all VLANs
  6. Students can only access Servers and Internet (not Admin/Faculty)

Extended ACL Configuration (On R1)

! ACL 101 — Restrict Student Access
! Apply to VLAN 30 inbound
access-list 101 deny ip 10.0.30.0 0.0.0.255 10.0.10.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 deny ip 10.0.30.0 0.0.0.255 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip 10.0.30.0 0.0.0.255 any

! ACL 102 — Restrict Faculty Internet (example: block social media)
! Apply to VLAN 20 inbound
access-list 102 permit ip 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255 10.0.40.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 102 permit tcp 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80
access-list 102 permit tcp 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443
access-list 102 permit udp 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 53
access-list 102 deny ip 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255 any

! ACL 103 — Restrict Server Access (only specific services)
! Apply to VLAN 40 inbound
access-list 103 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 80
access-list 103 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 443
access-list 103 permit udp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 53
access-list 103 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 25
access-list 103 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 110
access-list 103 permit icmp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10
access-list 103 deny ip any any log

! Apply ACLs to interfaces
interface gigabitethernet0/1.30
 ip access-group 101 in
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1.20
 ip access-group 102 in
 exit

interface gigabitethernet0/1.40
 ip access-group 103 in
 exit

ACL Verification

! Check ACLs
show access-lists
show ip interface gigabitethernet0/1.30
show access-list 101

! Test ACL from Student PC:
! ping 10.0.10.1 should FAIL (blocked by ACL 101)
! ping 10.0.40.10 should SUCCEED
! HTTP to 10.0.40.10 should SUCCEED

Network Services (DNS, HTTP, Email)

Server Configuration (Packet Tracer Server-PT)

! Open Server1 → Desktop → IP Configuration
IP Address: 10.0.40.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 10.0.40.1
DNS Server: 10.0.40.10 (self)

DNS Configuration

! Server1 → Services → DNS
! Enable DNS Service
! Add DNS Records:

Name: www.edutech.local     Type: A     Address: 10.0.40.10
Name: mail.edutech.local    Type: A     Address: 10.0.40.10
Name: dns.edutech.local     Type: A     Address: 10.0.40.10
Name: ftp.edutech.local     Type: A     Address: 10.0.40.10

! Test from PC:
! Desktop → Command Prompt → nslookup www.edutech.local
! Should return 10.0.40.10

HTTP/Web Server Configuration

! Server1 → Services → HTTP
! Enable HTTP
! Enable HTTPS (optional)

! Create a simple web page:
! Edit the index.html file:
<html>
<head><title>EduTech Academy</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to EduTech Academy</h1>
<p>Internal Network Portal</p>
</body>
</html>

! Test from PC:
! Desktop → Web Browser → http://www.edutech.local
! Should display the welcome page

Email Server Configuration

! Server1 → Services → Email
! Enable SMTP Service
! Enable POP3 Service

! Create Email Accounts:
Domain: edutech.local
User 1: admin@edutech.local    Password: AdminPass123
User 2: faculty@edutech.local  Password: FacultyPass123

! Test from PC (using Email client in Desktop → Email):
! Account: admin@edutech.local
! Incoming Mail Server: 10.0.40.10 (POP3)
! Outgoing Mail Server: 10.0.40.10 (SMTP)
! Send test email to faculty@edutech.local
! Check receipt on Faculty PC

Security Configuration

SSH Access (All Devices)

! Verify SSH configuration on all routers and switches:
show ssh
show ip ssh

! Test SSH from Admin PC:
! Desktop → Command Prompt
ssh -l admin 10.0.99.1   (R1)
ssh -l admin 10.0.99.2   (SW-Dist)

Port Security Summary

! On access switches (SW-Admin, SW-Faculty, SW-Lab):
interface range fastethernet0/1-24
 switchport port-security
 switchport port-security maximum 2  (1 for student lab)
 switchport port-security violation shutdown
 switchport port-security mac-address sticky
 switchport port-security aging time 5
!

! Verify:
show port-security
show port-security interface fastethernet0/1
show mac-address-table

Additional Security Measures

! 1. Disable unused ports
interface range fastethernet0/10-24
 shutdown
 exit

! 2. BPDU Guard (prevents STP manipulation)
interface range fastethernet0/1-24
 spanning-tree bpduguard enable
 exit

! 3. Root Guard (prevents switch becoming root bridge)
interface gigabitethernet0/2-5
 spanning-tree guard root
 exit

! 4. Disable CDP on access ports (information disclosure)
interface range fastethernet0/1-24
 no cdp enable
 exit

! 5. Enable logging
logging host 10.0.40.10
logging trap debugging
service timestamps log datetime msec

Testing & Verification

Connectivity Test Plan

Testing Commands

! On any PC (Desktop → Command Prompt):
ping 10.0.10.1              ! Test gateway
tracert 8.8.8.1             ! Test path to internet
nslookup www.edutech.local  ! Test DNS
ping 10.0.40.10             ! Test server connectivity

! On routers/switches (CLI):
show ip interface brief      ! Verify interfaces
show ip route               ! Verify routing table
show vlan brief             ! Verify VLANs
show interfaces trunk       ! Verify trunking
show access-lists           ! Verify ACLs
ping 10.0.40.10 source 10.0.10.1  ! Extended ping
telnet 10.0.99.2            ! Test connectivity

Expected Results

Successful ping from Admin PC to Server:
C:\> ping 10.0.40.10
Reply from 10.0.40.10: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Blocked ping from Student PC to Admin:
C:\> ping 10.0.10.1
Request timed out.
Request timed out.

Successful DNS resolution:
C:\> nslookup www.edutech.local
Server: 10.0.40.10
Name: www.edutech.local
Address: 10.0.40.10

Successful HTTP access:
C:\> curl http://www.edutech.local
(Should display webpage)

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Issue 1: No Connectivity Between VLANs

Symptom: PC in VLAN 10 cannot ping PC in VLAN 20
Causes:
  - No inter-VLAN routing configured
  - Trunk port missing allowed VLANs
  - ACL blocking traffic
  - Sub-interface not matching encapsulation

Check:
  show running-config | section interface
  show interfaces trunk
  show access-lists
  debug ip routing

Issue 2: DHCP Not Working

Symptom: PCs get 169.254.x.x (APIPA) address
Causes:
  - DHCP service not configured
  - ip helper-address not set (on L3 switch SVIs)
  - VLAN interface not up
  - DHCP pool full

Check:
  show ip dhcp binding
  show ip dhcp pool
  show interfaces vlan 10
  debug ip dhcp server events

Issue 3: ACL Not Blocking Traffic

Symptom: ACL applied but traffic still passes
Causes:
  - ACL applied in wrong direction
  - ACL applied to wrong interface
  - Implicit "permit any" before deny statements
  - ACL not matching desired traffic

Check:
  show access-lists
  show ip interface [interface]
  Check ACL line order (remember: first match wins)

Fix:
  - Move ACL to correct interface/direction
  - Add explicit "deny ip any any" at end
  - Use "access-list [num] deny ip any any log" for testing

Common Command Reference

Sample Complete Configuration

R1 Complete Config (Summary)

hostname R1
!
username admin privilege 15 secret Password123
ip domain-name edutech.local
crypto key generate rsa modulus 1024
ip ssh version 2
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252
 no shutdown
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 no shutdown
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1.10
 encapsulation dot1Q 10
 ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1.20
 encapsulation dot1Q 20
 ip address 10.0.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1.30
 encapsulation dot1Q 30
 ip address 10.0.30.1 255.255.255.0
 ip access-group 101 in
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1.40
 encapsulation dot1Q 40
 ip address 10.0.40.1 255.255.255.0
 ip access-group 103 in
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1.99
 encapsulation dot1Q 99
 ip address 10.0.99.1 255.255.255.0
!
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.10.1 10.0.10.10
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.20.1 10.0.20.10
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.30.1 10.0.30.10
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.40.1 10.0.40.10
!
ip dhcp pool ADMIN_POOL
 network 10.0.10.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 10.0.10.1
 dns-server 10.0.40.10
!
ip dhcp pool FACULTY_POOL
 network 10.0.20.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 10.0.20.1
 dns-server 10.0.40.10
!
ip dhcp pool STUDENT_POOL
 network 10.0.30.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 10.0.30.1
 dns-server 10.0.40.10
 lease 1
!
ip dhcp pool SERVER_POOL
 network 10.0.40.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 10.0.40.1
 dns-server 10.0.40.10
!
access-list 101 deny ip 10.0.30.0 0.0.0.255 10.0.10.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 deny ip 10.0.30.0 0.0.0.255 10.0.20.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip 10.0.30.0 0.0.0.255 any
!
access-list 103 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 80
access-list 103 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 443
access-list 103 permit udp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 53
access-list 103 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 25
access-list 103 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 host 10.0.40.10 eq 110
access-list 103 deny ip any any log
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1
!
line vty 0 4
 login local
 transport input ssh
!
enable secret EnableSecret789
!
end

Project Extensions

Challenge Extensions (After Completing Base)

Multi-Site Extension

EXTENSION: Add a Branch Office

Branch network:
  - Branch Router (R2)
  - Connected via Serial link to R1
  - OSPF routing between sites
  - Subnet: 172.16.0.0/16 space
  
Configuration needed:
  - Serial interfaces on both routers
  - OSPF area 0 across both sites
  - Inter-site routing and security

Deliverables Checklist

Before marking this project complete:

• Network topology built in Packet Tracer (all devices placed and cabled)
• Router configurations (R1, ISP) — interfaces, routing, DHCP, ACLs
• Switch configurations (SW-Dist, SW-Admin, SW-Faculty, SW-Lab, SW-Servers)
• VLANs configured (10, 20, 30, 40, 99) with correct port assignments
• Trunking configured between switches and router
• Inter-VLAN routing working (router-on-a-stick or L3 switching)
• DHCP assigning addresses to all VLANs
• ACLs restricting student access as specified
• DNS service resolving edutech.local domain
• HTTP server serving web page
• Email server sending/receiving mail
• Port security on all access ports
• SSH access to all network devices
• Testing completed — connectivity, security, services verified
• Project file saved (EduTech_Academy.pkt)